Osteochondria is a disease in which degenerative duplicate processes appear in the spine tissues.The defeat of the intervertebral discs, the articular surfaces adapted to them develop, the vertebral bodies, the connection device.As a rule, initially with osteochondria, pathological changes occur in bones and joints.In addition, a person guesses for the onset of the disease only when he or she begins to suffer from the complications of such a state - back pain, reduced sensitivity, muscle atrophy, weakened functions of the internal organs.
This disease is widespread among modern people: according to various sources, up to 90% of the world population suffer from osteochondria.Basically, the disease affects people who are already 30 years old.To date, lumbar osteochondria (about half of cases) is more frequently revealed.
Stages
The disease develops in a person gradually.In the first stage of the progression of the disease, the process of dehydration of the core of the pulp begins.As a result, the height of the reduction of the disc is reduced and the cracks are formed in the fibrous ring.However, pathological changes do not occur outside the intervertebral disc.
In the second stage, there is an approach to two adjacent vertebrae as a result of reducing the height of the disc, the attachment of the muscles and the joints.Due to the relaxation of the joints and muscles, excessive motility of the vertebrae is manifested, which causes the volatility of the vertebral and kinetic section.During this time, the vertebrae can slip or move, while a spinallist is formed.
The third stage in the development of osteochondrialism is characterized by severe morphological changes in intervertebral discs.The formation of the profiles and the ledge of the discs appear, the underground in the intervertebral joints and the unko-vetebral joints.
When the fourth stage occurs, adaptive changes are observed in the affected vertebrae.In this case, the human body adapts to very strong vertebrae mobility, overcoming it.Due to the spine immobilization, osteophytics - peripherally developing bone on adjacent spine surfaces appear.The osteophage may injure a nerve spine.Gradually, fibrous changes occur on intervertebral discs and joints.As a result, a type of shell is formed in the vertebral incentive section and the manifestations gradually disappear.
The causes of osteochondicity
Experts express various assumptions about the reasons that contribute to the development of osteochondry.Such reasons are called spinal cord trauma, disorders in metabolic processes of the body, the arrangement of the disease, which is hereditary.But a clear cause of the development of the disease is difficult to determine due to the prevalence of the disease.It is often found in young and old.Of course strong and few trained.
Sometimes you can hear the opinion that the symptoms of osteochondrication occur due to the deposition of salts in the human spine.Patients often talk about the excretion of salts if they hear a cracking and crunching of the joints.In fact, the disease develops due to dietary nutrition.As a result, their structure is gradually regenerated.In bone and cartilage tissues, the renewal process is constantly performed.If a person has regular physical activity, then the fabric becomes more elastic.But in people who mainly drive a sedentary lifestyle, such a fabric is less durable.
In addition, the cause of the growth of osteochondrialism can be overweight, breach of posture, negative environmental conditions, body position characteristics during work, an uneven developed bone system, pregnancy, stress, hypothermia, infection.
Thus, the spectrum of the factors that cause the development of the disease is very wide.Characteristics of blood flow and cartilage nutrition and bone tissues play a non -alert role in this process.In adult vertebrates there are no vessels, therefore, oxygen and all the necessary nutrients are obtained from neighboring tissues.Therefore, for the normal diet of the spine, blood circulation is constantly activated in the surrounding tissues.You can speed up this process by ensuring the active function of the muscles.
Osteochondal symptoms
The manifestations of the disease can be different and may depend directly on the development stage that the disease follows.The most severe symptoms of the disease occur when the pathological process spreads to the back of the fibrous ring and the posterior longitudinal joint.During the process of activating the pathological process, the patient develops neurological reflex and compression syndromes.
Osteochondria can occur in various areas of the body, so the symptoms of the disease are very wide.In the patient, osteochondria may occur at the extremities or numbness, sometimes chest pain, genital organs' impairments and headache.At the same time, a person does not even realize that the cause of such events is osteochondria.
If the patient develops osteochondria of the thoracic spine, then the symptoms may resemble manifestations of heart disease: angina, myocardial infarction.That is why a incorrect treatment is sometimes treated, which leads to the further evolution of osteochondry.Therefore, if a person suspected of developing this disease, a person must immediately consult a doctor and pass the necessary studies.
Osteochondria is mainly manifested by pain and a strong sense of discomfort in the back.In some cases, the pain appears periodically, unstable.For a while it may disappear.But for every person, the appearance of pain must be a very annoying symptom and cause concern.It is important to think and determine exactly what caused the pain.For example, it could be a strong physical activity, lifting the seriousness.
The next indicative symptom in which the cervical spine is manifested is the numbness of the hands and feet, as well as the pain in them.Similar symptoms are also characteristics of other types of osteochondrication.Most of the time, the pain develops on the left foot or hand, sometimes it gives the heart, under the sides.In the case of such symptoms, you do not immediately need to rush to drink drugs from the heart or other diseases, but you should listen carefully and evaluate the nature of the pain, its changes depending on what the person is doing right now.All of your observations should be repeated in detail by the doctor, after which the patient has been prescribed massage, exercise, other treatment methods are exercised.The appeal to a specialist in the early stages of the disease will ensure more effective treatment.
Thus, more often, patients diagnosed with osteochondria complain about the sense of discomfort in the spine in different parts, the pain of different intensity and character.They have a higher level of fatigue, which manifests both physical and mental work.Sensitivity to different areas of the body can be disturbed, more often at the edges.Patients can also signal cold in their hands and feet.A manifestation of cervical osteochondicity is often dizziness and headache.Visual acidity can also be significantly reduced.
If the patient has osteochondria of the lumbar spine, then a variety of human reproductive disorders may occur.After the treatment of lumbar osteochondicity, men often have improved power.At the same time, if the sacred spine osteochondria develops in a woman, then this can complicate the procedure of conception as well as pregnancy.In addition to these symptoms, other manifestations are possible with osteochondria: muscle cramps, difficulties in movements, pain shots, etc.
Diagnosis
The most important point in the process of diagnosis of osteochondicism is the collection of an analogous and the most important moment in this process is the patient's research, which should declare the doctor all complaints in detail.If some symptoms of the disease determine the characteristic manifestations in osteochondria, then there are also many signs that it is important to differentiate themselves from manifestations of other diseases.Disorders of many organs, which occur in osteochondria are often similar to the symptoms of gastritis, angina, stomach ulcers.That is why every symptom in osteochondria is undergoing a detailed study and analysis.
During the diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the patient's age, the development of symptoms.Additional methods for research are used to clarify the diagnosis.Most of the time in this case a radiological examination is performed.To determine the patient's condition, a spine projection x -ray is performed.If there are more specific complaints, x -ray is being exerted on the scene of damage.
A relatively complex diagnostic method is considered myelography.This examination provides for the introduction of a liquid contrast into the cerebrospinal channel.In this case, there is a risk of spinal cord damage, as well as the appearance of an allergic reaction.But at the same time, this method is considered informative if necessary to determine the presence of a dorsal hernia.
In addition, the use of computed tomography, magnetic nuclear resonance.However, they are relatively expensive, therefore, they are mainly applied if necessary for a differential diagnosis, as well as to determine the presence of a spine.
Treatment of osteochondry
In order to be close to the treatment of spine osteochondal, it is necessary to provide not only an accurate diagnosis but also a comprehensive approach to the problem.The doctor, as a rule, provides for treatment methods, depending on which part of the spine was affected.The main methods of treatment for the cervical area, as well as the thoracic area and lumbar spine are massage, manual treatment, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, therapeutic gymnastics, vacuum therapy, attraction, and other methods.Parallel treatment can also be treated with folk remedies.
The doctor provides for treatment in such a way as to ensure the elimination of the disorder of weak symptoms, as well as the causes that cause spine pathology.Stop the pain by applying physiotherapy methods, medicines.Special exercises for spine osteochondria are also exercised.
One of the main methods of treatment of spine and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system is the use of physiotherapy exercises.For this reason, special equipment is used to restore.With the help of regular execution of exercises selected individually by a specialist, you can improve blood circulation, activate metabolism.As a result, the power of intervertebral discs improves and the load on the spine is reduced.
The method of physiotherapy involves the effect on the body of various natural factors.Using a low frequency current, magnetic field, laser, pain is effectively relieved, inflammation is reduced and parallel treatment of drugs is more effective.With the help of massage, you can relieve muscle tension and pain, activate blood circulation.Manual treatment makes it possible to relieve acute and stable chronic joint pain and spine, increase the volume of movements and also have a general positive effect on the body.The process of expanding the spine is used to relieve severe pain.Performed on special equipment.In the process, the intervertebral increases, the shape of the spine is restored.Drug therapy is mainly treated during deterioration.
But in most cases, even effective treatment allows only to slow down the disease to avoid deterioration.You can only recover fully to the initial stage of osteochondicism.It is important to keep in mind that the duration of treatment depends on how the disease began, methods of treatment, and how carefully the patient fulfills all doctor's appointments and recommendations.As a rule, the period of active treatment lasts from one to three months.After operation, a person is restored for about a year.If conservative treatment does not have expected results and there are also special indications, then the doctor appoints surgical treatment.
Prevention of osteochondicity
People who are already suffering from osteochondricular events should try not to overload the spine and minimize pressure on the intervertebral discs.It is advisable to always try to keep your back evenly to avoid spine wound.A comfortable bed for night sleep is important: you have to choose an individual orthopedic mattress.You should not lift weights that weigh more than 10 kg and to increase the item, you must first sit, take an object and then get up with it.Women should not wear very high heels.In addition, people who complain of back pain should perform exercises every day that enhance the muscle corset.It is recommended to participate in swimming, if possible.